Appendix A: Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Information
Browser Information | Troubleshooting | Design Considerations
The following sections provide information about designing and responding to surveys using WAP devices (e.g., mobile phones). It includes information that will help interviewers more effectively and efficiently use their WAP devices as well as considerations that should be taken into account when designing questionnaires for delivery to WAP devices.
Browser Information
OpenWave Browser Information | Nokia Browser Information
Responding to surveys using WAP devices may at first seem cumbersome; but with the proper training, you will be able to easily use a WAP device to survey respondents. The following sections provide information to help you in preparing to respond to surveys via your WAP device. For a quick look, see our online demo.
There are two main browsers used by WAP devices -- Openwave and Nokia. Both of these browsers use Wireless Markup Language (WML). When you access a questionnaire from a WAP device, the AskAnywhere servlet automatically detects the browser based on the device’s settings and converts the questionnaire to the appropriate format (e.g., WML).
To access a questionnaire, enter the URL for the desired questionnaire (e.g., http://www.senecio.com/wap.wml). For information about accessing the web via your WAP device, refer to the documentation for your specific device and/or service provider.
If your WAP device uses the Openwave browser, refer to Openwave Browser Information for a detailed example of taking a survey using an Openwave browser WAP device. Note: To determine whether a particular device uses the Openwave browser, using a new window, go to http://developer.openwave.com/dvl/resources/phones.cfm.
If your WAP device uses the Nokia browser, refer to Nokia Browser Information for a detailed example of taking a survey using a Nokia browser WAP device.
Note: The WAP device images shown in this document are meant only as a guide. Your screens and keys will likely be different than those shown in this document.
Openwave Browser Information
This section provides a step-by-step example of responding to a sample questionnaire using a WAP device with the Openwave browser. For training purposes, we recommend that you follow the example step by step on your own WAP device. To complete this questionnaire, perform the following steps.
Note: The WAP device images shown in this document are meant only as a guide. Your screens and keys will be different than those shown in this document.
- Access http://www.senecio.com/wap.wml using your WAP device. An introductory page appears. To scroll up and down through the questionnaire page, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device. Each time you press the up or down arrow key on your WAP device, the questionnaire scrolls one line up or down, respectively.
Note: For information about accessing the web using your WAP device, refer to the documentation for your specific device and/or service provider.

Note: This example page is not actually part of the questionnaire; it is an introductory page defined in the WML file.
- From this introductory page, there are two ways to move forward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, this example WML file directs the system to go to the first page of the actual questionnaire (i.e., the following page appears). When you are ready to continue, select the OK option at the bottom of the screen. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the questionnaire page and highlight the Continue option. Then, select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option. (On a different WAP device, you might press the OK key rather than the key directly below the OK option.)

Note: This example questionnaire page is the first page of the actual questionnaire. It contains one question (i.e., “Please answer …” and “After answering …”) and one fixed-choice response item (i.e., “Continue”).
- After you have selected to move forward, the following screen appears. This screen appears between almost every page of a questionnaire and enables you to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Using the up and down arrow keys, highlight the continent on which you currently live and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “On which continent do you currently live?”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, or South America).
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Using the up and down arrow keys, highlight a continent that you have visited. Then, to indicate that you have visited that continent, select the Pick option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option. (In this example, selected items are shown with a small x to the left of the item; unselected items are shown with a small o to the left of the item.) Continue using the up and down arrow keys and the Pick option to select all of the continents that you have visited.
Note: The Pick option acts as a toggle switch -- selecting and deselecting specific response items.

- When you have selected all of the desired continents and want to move forward in the questionnaire, select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “Which continents have you visited? …”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows more than one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and/or South America).
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Using the up and down arrow keys, highlight your gender and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your gender?”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Female or Male).
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Enter your age using the corresponding WAP device keys and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
Note: For additional information about text editing as well as entering text and numbers, refer to the documentation for your specific device.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your age in years?”) and an open-ended response set that optionally enables you to enter an integer value between 0 (zero) and 120.
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Using the up and down arrow keys, highlight the brand of phone you are using and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What brand of mobile phone are you using for this survey?”) and a fixed-choice, Check List Open response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Ericsson, Panasonic, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Siemens, Sony-Ericsson, or Other).
- If when answering a Check List Open response set, you select the Other response item, the following page appears asking you to provide additional detail for the Other response item by entering the desired text and then continuing with the questionnaire. To do this, enter the desired text using the corresponding WAP device keys and then select the OK option listed at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Enter your name using the corresponding WAP device keys and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your first name?”) and an open-ended response set that optionally enables you to enter text.
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. Use the up and down arrow keys to move up and down through the questionnaire page, use the corresponding WAP device keys to enter the number indicating your opinion of the difficulty level of using this questionnaire, and then select the OK option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “On a scale from 1 to 5, …”) and an open-ended response set that enables you to enter an integer value between 1 and 5.
- Select whether you want to move forward or backward in the questionnaire.
- After you have completed the questionnaire, the system displays a screen indicating that fact.

- If an exit URL has been defined for the questionnaire, the system automatically takes you to that URL when you have completed the questionnaire.

Note: For information about other options available on your WAP device (e.g., going home, going to the browser menu, setting bookmarks), refer to the documentation for your specific device.
Nokia Browser Information
This section provides a step-by-step example of responding to a sample questionnaire using a WAP device with the Nokia browser. For training purposes, we recommend that you follow the example step by step on your own WAP device. To complete this questionnaire, perform the following steps
Note: The WAP device images shown in this document are meant only as a guide. For illustrative purposes, we use the Nokia 7210 phone. Your screens and keys will be different than those shown in this document unless you are using a Nokia 7210.
- Access http://www.senecio.com/wap.wml using your WAP device. An introductory page appears. To scroll up and down through the questionnaire page, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device. Each time you press the up or down arrow key on your WAP device, the questionnaire scrolls one line up or down, respectively.
Note: For information about accessing the web using your WAP device, refer to the documentation for your specific device and/or service provider.

Note: This example page is not actually part of the questionnaire; it is an introductory page defined in the WML file.
- To move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps. Note: From any page in the questionnaire, there may be several ways to complete a task (e.g., move forward). In each case, this documentation describes just one of those ways.
- Select the GO link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the GO link. (In this example, highlighted items are shown highlighted in blue.) Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
Note: Navigational links appear in xxx format, where the underline indicates that this is a navigational link and “xxx” identifies the purpose of the link. Each time you want to follow a navigational link, you must first select the link and then open it.

- From the next screen, select Open link. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight Open link. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, this example WML file directs the system to go to the first page of the actual questionnaire (i.e., the following page appears). To move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the [Continue] response set at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the [Continue] response set. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
Note: Response sets appear as lists in […] or [xxx] format; where the square brackets indicate this is a response set list, “…” indicates that no response item(s) is currently selected, and “xxx” identifies the response item(s) that is currently selected.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page is the first page of the actual questionnaire. It contains one question (i.e., “Please answer … After answering …”) and a fixed-choice response set containing only one response item (i.e., “Continue”).
- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
- Select the [Africa] response set. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the [Africa] response set. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select Open list. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight Open list. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select the desired response item. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the desired item. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “On which continent do you currently live?”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, or South America).
- After you have selected the desired response item, to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item(s), complete the following steps.
Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “Which continents have you visited? …”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows more than one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and/or South America).
- After you have selected the desired response item(s), to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
- Select the [Female] response set. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the [Female] response set. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select Open list. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight Open list. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select the desired response item. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the desired item. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your gender?”) and a fixed-choice response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Female or Male).
- After you have selected the desired response item, to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

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From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your age in years?”) and an open-ended response set that optionally enables you to enter an integer value between 0 (zero) and 120.
- After you have entered the desired response, to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
- Select the [Ericsson] response set. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the [Ericsson] response set. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select Open list. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight Open list. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select the desired response item. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the desired item. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What brand of mobile phone are you using for this survey?”) and a fixed-choice, Check List Open response set that allows only one response item to be selected at a time (i.e., Ericsson, Panasonic, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Siemens, Sony-Ericsson, or Other).
- If when answering a Check List Open response set, you select the Other response item, the following page appears asking you to provide additional detail for the Other response item. To provide additional detail, complete the following steps.
- After you have completed the previous question, to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “What is your first name?”) and an open-ended response set that optionally enables you to enter text.
- After you have entered the desired response, to move to the next page in the questionnaire, complete the following steps.
- Select the --> link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the --> link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- From the next screen, select --->. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight --->. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.

- After you have selected to move forward, the following page appears. To select the desired response item, complete the following steps.
Note: This example questionnaire page contains one question (i.e., “On a scale from 1 to 5, …”) and an open-ended response set that enables you to enter an integer value between 1 and 5.
- After you have completed the questionnaire, the system displays a screen indicating that fact.

- If an exit URL has been defined for the questionnaire, the system automatically takes you to that URL when you have completed the questionnaire.

Note: There are several ways to move backward in a questionnaire.
- First, you may select the Back option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
- Second, you may select the <--- from the Service options menu. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the <--- link. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
- Third, you may select the [<---] link at the bottom of the questionnaire page. To do this, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the [<---] link. Then, select the Options option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option. From the next screen, use the up and down arrow keys on your WAP device to scroll through the page and highlight the <--- or Open link link. Then, select the Select option at the bottom of the screen by pressing the key directly below that option.
Note: For information about other options available on your WAP device (e.g., going home, going to the browser menu, setting bookmarks), refer to the documentation for your specific device.
Troubleshooting
The following are some causes of problems that you may encounter while taking a questionnaire using a WAP device.
- You may have typed the URL incorrectly.
- The server or service provider may not be available.
- The administrator may have moved the location of the questionnaire or disabled the project.
- You may have lost your connection while taking a survey.
- If you regain your connection before the session times out, the questionnaire will continue from the previous location.
- If you do not regain their connection before the session times out, when you return to that same questionnaire, the system will ask the respondent whether you want to continue the survey. Getting this prompt indicates that all the previous data collected has been saved. If you indicate that you want to continue the survey, the system continues the questionnaire from where you left off.
Design Considerations
Location Considerations | Size Considerations | Positioning Considerations | Formatting Considerations
When designing questionnaires for use on Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) devices, there are numerous considerations that should you should keep in mind. Every WAP device displays information differently depending on the device’s browser, the size of the screen, etc. If you follow the design considerations, it should minimize the impact of these differences.
Location Considerations
Be careful to limit the length of the URL that respondents must enter to access a questionnaire. For example, providing an introductory web page to your survey (e.g., http://www.senecio.com/wap.wml) that includes a link to the appropriate URL may reduce the length of the URL that respondents must enter to access a questionnaire.
Size Considerations
Be careful to limit the amount of information you include on any questionnaire page that may be taken using WAP technology. WAP device screens are small, and making respondents scroll too much to read a questionnaire page will only frustrate them. In addition, some WAP devices have limits to the amount of information they can accept at any given time.
Positioning Considerations
Items do not appear on a WAP device in the position in which they are displayed in the AskAnywhere Editor. The following are some differences you may see.
- On a WAP device, the system first displays all the questions from a questionnaire page and then displays the response set. If there is more than one question frame defined on a questionnaire page, the system displays all the questions first (in sequential order by item number), regardless of the position in which they are displayed in the AskAnywhere Editor.
- On a WAP device, the system only displays one response set on each questionnaire page. If there is more than one response set defined on a questionnaire page, the system first displays all the questions (in sequential order by item number) and then displays the first response set. On the next page, the system displays all the question text again and then displays the second response set. The system continues in this manner until all the response sets from a questionnaire page have been displayed. The system determines the order in which the response sets are displayed based on their item numbers.
- On a WAP device, the system disregards the positioning for buttons, response items, etc. For example, horizontally or vertically centering text, using the snap feature, and positioning buttons or response items has no effect on the final appearance of a questionnaire page. Instead, these items appear in the order in which they were defined in the AskAnywhere Editor (i.e., the order in which they were created, not the order in which they are displayed).
Formatting Considerations
Items do not appear on a WAP device with the same formatting in which are displayed in the AskAnywhere Editor. The following are some differences you may see.
- The WAP browser disregards font selection, font size, font color, and justification of questions and answers as defined in the AskAnywhere Editor. However, it does not disregard bold and italic font selections.
- The WAP browser disregards background color, background images, and the sizing of questions and answers as defined in the AskAnywhere Editor.
- The WAP browser disregards any graphic or audio multimedia items.
- On a WAP device, the system displays the file name (rather than the actual graphic) for all fixed-choice Graphic Button or Graphic Button with Border response items.
- The system maps all open-ended Analog response items to Integer response items.
Importing and Exporting Questionnaires | Table of Contents
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